Hormones are the silent conductors of many processes in the body, and their role in skin health is increasingly recognised as essential. From puberty to menopause, through stress, pregnancy, and age-related changes, hormonal fluctuations are often the reason behind acne, dryness, sensitivity, and even sudden skin ageing. Although many try to maintain a healthy and radiant complexion through proper skincare, sometimes the real cause lies deeper – in hormonal imbalance.
In this article, we explore how hormones affect the skin, how to recognise their signals, and what dermatologists recommend when the skin behaves “mysteriously.” From cyclical changes in women to chronic stress and hormonal disorders, we bring a comprehensive overview with practical advice for care and balance.
Hormones and the skin: an inseparable connection
The skin is the body’s largest organ, but also a mirror of internal changes. Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, and thyroid hormones directly influence the function of sebaceous glands, skin elasticity, hydration, and regenerative capacity.
An imbalance in any of these can result in visible changes that often confuse even those who take regular care of their skin.
Some of the most common skin manifestations linked to hormonal changes include:
• Acne breakouts
• Increased oiliness
• Flaky, dry, and tight skin
• Hyperpigmentation and dark spots
• Loss of radiance and tone
The impact is particularly noticeable in women, whose hormonal profile changes from month to month.
Menstrual cycle and skin: what happens each week?
The average female cycle lasts about 28 days, and hormone levels throughout these phases affect the appearance and feel of the skin:
1. Menstrual phase (Days 1–5)
Estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest levels. The skin may feel dry, sensitive, and prone to redness. Pimples may also appear, especially if the skin is oily. During this phase, gentle care and hydration are recommended.
2. Follicular phase (Days 6–13)
Estrogen levels rise, making the skin radiant, firm, and smooth. This is the ideal time for exfoliation and more intensive treatments since the skin is stronger and less reactive.
3. Ovulation (Days 14–15)
The skin looks its best – a surge in estrogen and testosterone increases blood flow and elasticity. However, in some women, testosterone can stimulate sebaceous glands and trigger acne.
4. Luteal phase (Days 16–28)
Progesterone takes the lead. The skin can become oilier, pores may appear enlarged, and PMS often brings pimples on the chin and jawline. It’s important to adjust your routine, use lighter products, and avoid harsh treatments.
Stress and cortisol: how the “survival hormone” affects your skin
Chronic stress is one of the most underestimated factors that damages skin health. In stressful situations, the body releases cortisol – a hormone that helps us cope with pressure. However, prolonged exposure to cortisol has multiple harmful effects on the skin.
Negative effects of cortisol on the skin include:
• Increased sebum production, leading to acne breakouts
• Collagen breakdown, which accelerates the formation of wrinkles and loss of firmness
• Increased skin sensitivity and tendency to redness and irritation
• Slower wound healing and intensified inflammation
• Weakened skin barrier, causing dryness and tightness
Besides external care, those under constant stress are advised to practice relaxation techniques, maintain regular sleep, exercise, and consult a physician, since addressing the source of stress often visibly improves the complexion.
Pregnancy, menopause, and hormonal fluctuations throughout life
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, drastic hormonal changes occur that can have both positive and negative effects on the skin:
• Pregnancy glow: Increased blood flow and higher estrogen levels often result in radiant skin.
• Melasma (pregnancy pigmentation): Dark spots on the face, especially on the forehead and cheeks.
• Increased acne breakouts: Caused by higher progesterone levels and oilier skin.
• Increased sensitivity: Skin may react to products it previously tolerated well.
During pregnancy, safe and gentle products are recommended – free of retinoids, salicylic acid, and harsh chemicals.
Menopause
Menopause brings a decline in estrogen levels, which strongly impacts the skin:
• Thinning and loss of elasticity
• Reduced sebum production – leading to dryness
• More pronounced wrinkles and sagging
• Increased sensitivity to external stimuli
At this stage, treatments that stimulate collagen production, richer skincare products, and regular dermatological evaluations are recommended.
Hormonal disorders and the skin: signs you shouldn’t ignore
In addition to natural cycles, certain conditions cause more serious hormonal imbalances and require medical attention. These include:
• PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) – often causes acne, excess hair growth, and oily skin.
• Thyroid disorders (hypo- or hyperthyroidism) – lead to dry or thin skin, flakiness, and sensitivity.
• Elevated androgens in women result in acne and excessive sebum production.
• Adrenal gland disorders – can affect pigmentation and skin sensitivity.
If you experience persistent skin problems despite regular care, it’s recommended to have hormone tests and blood analyses in consultation with a dermatologist and endocrinologist.
How to support your skin under hormonal influence
The right strategy combines:
• Skincare adapted to the phase of your cycle or hormonal condition
• A balanced diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids
• Regular physical activity that promotes circulation and reduces stress
• Adequate sleep – since hormones like melatonin and growth hormone repair the skin overnight
• Avoiding smoking and excessive sugar intake, which disrupts hormonal balance and collagen structure
In some cases, dermatologists may recommend mild hormonal therapies or topical treatments (e.g., retinoids, niacinamide, acids) that are safe and proven effective.
Hormonal balance is the foundation of beautiful skin
The skin is a sensitive indicator of what’s happening inside the body. Changes during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause, stress, or hormonal disorders can strongly influence its condition. It’s essential to understand these changes and not treat the skin only superficially.
If you notice recurring issues despite proper care, consider the hormonal background and consult a specialist. With timely adjustments to your routine, proper nutrition, and dermatologist support, it’s possible to maintain healthy, balanced, and radiant skin – regardless of age or cycle phase.
The Esthea team is available for personalised skincare advice and treatments that align with your body’s and hormones’ needs.