Gum Curettage – What You Need to Know

Oral health is not just about taking care of your teeth but also your gums, which play a key role in supporting your teeth and maintaining the health of your mouth. Gum curettage is one of the most critical procedures for treating periodontal issues such as gum inflammation or infection. But what exactly is gum curettage, how is it performed, and why is it important? This article provides everything you need to know about this procedure.

What is Gum Curettage?

Gum curettage is a periodontal procedure aimed at removing infected tissue and hard deposits that accumulate below the gum line in what are known as periodontal pockets. This treatment is essential for managing periodontitis—a severe gum disease that causes inflammation, gum recession, and the formation of pockets where bacteria accumulate. Left untreated, periodontitis can lead to serious consequences, including the loss of tooth support and the teeth themselves.

The goal of curettage is not only to eliminate bacteria and plaque but also to help the gums reattach to the tooth surface. This reduces pocket depth and prevents further infection spread.

Types of Curettage

There are two main types of gum curettage, depending on the severity of the condition and the depth of the periodontal pockets:

Closed Curettage:
Closed curettage is used for milder forms of periodontitis, where pockets are shallow, usually up to 5 mm. This procedure does not require cutting the gum tissue, making it less invasive and suitable for quicker recovery. The dentist uses specialized tools, such as curettes or ultrasonic devices, to remove plaque, tartar, and infected tissue. The advantage of closed curettage is that it is a faster, simpler process with minimal discomfort for patients.

Open Curettage:
Open curettage is used for more severe periodontitis cases, where deeper pockets require thorough access. This procedure involves lifting the gum tissue to allow the dentist to clean the deeper sections of the pockets and remove all infected tissue. After cleaning, the gum tissue is carefully sutured to promote healing and reattachment to the teeth. Although open curettage is more invasive, it is often the only way to stop disease progression and preserve tooth functionality.

Curettage as a Key Step in Treating Periodontitis

In addition to removing the source of inflammation, curettage also has a regenerative role. After treatment, gum tissue gradually heals, pocket depth is reduced, and teeth gain more stable support. With regular check-ups and proper oral hygiene, patients can maintain long-term results from curettage and prevent recurring problems.

When is Curettage Necessary?

Gum curettage is recommended when gum inflammation or infection has progressed to the point where regular oral hygiene is no longer sufficient to address the problem. This procedure enables thorough cleaning below the gum line to eliminate the causes of inflammation and prevent serious complications.

Common Reasons for Curettage

Periodontitis:
Periodontitis is a chronic gum disease caused by plaque and bacteria accumulating on teeth and around gums. This disease leads to gum recession, tooth support loss, and the formation of periodontal pockets. Without treatment, periodontitis can result in loose and lost teeth. Curettage is essential to halt disease progression.

Deep Periodontal Pockets:
Periodontal pockets form when gums recede from teeth, creating spaces where bacteria, plaque, and tartar accumulate. When pockets exceed 4-5 mm in depth, brushing and flossing become ineffective. Curettage removes these deposits and reduces pocket depth.

Chronic Gum Inflammation:
Persistent gum inflammation, characterized by redness, swelling, sensitivity, and bleeding, often signals bacterial infection below the gum line. Curettage removes the sources of inflammation and prevents tissue damage.

Additional Reasons for Curettage

• Preparation for Dental Procedures: Essential before advanced treatments such as dental implants.
• Ineffectiveness of Conservative Treatments: When regular scaling and antibiotics are insufficient.
• Genetic Predisposition: Preventative measure for individuals with a family history of gum disease.
• Tooth and Gum Sensitivity: Addressing issues below the gum line causing discomfort.
• Support for Orthodontic Treatments: Ensuring healthy gums for successful outcomes.
• Advanced Aesthetic Procedures: Preparing gum tissue for optimal results in cosmetic treatments.

How is Curettage Performed?

Gum curettage is a detailed procedure requiring dental expertise and specialized tools. Here’s an overview of the process:

1. Examination and Diagnosis:
   The dentist assesses gum and tooth health, measures pocket depth using a probe, and identifies signs of inflammation or infection.
2. Anesthesia:
   Local anesthesia ensures a pain-free and comfortable experience. Sedation may be an option for anxious patients.
3. Cleaning and Removal:
   Using manual curettes, ultrasonic devices, and antibacterial solutions, the dentist removes plaque, tartar, and infected tissue. Particular attention is given to smoothing root surfaces to prevent bacterial reaccumulation.
4. Pocket Closure (for Open Curettage):
   After cleaning, gums are sutured back in place to promote healing and reattachment, reducing pocket depth.
5. Post-Treatment Care:
   Patients receive instructions for antiseptic rinses, adjusted oral hygiene practices, and medication if needed.

What to Expect After Curettage?

• Mild Sensitivity and Discomfort: Temporary and normal for a few days.
• Temporary Bleeding: Common during the first few hours but subsides quickly.
• Gradual Healing: Gums return to a healthier state, with reduced pocket depth and stabilized teeth.

Benefits of Curettage

• Reduces Inflammation and Infection: Removes infected tissue and bacteria.
• Prevents Tooth Loss: Maintains gum and tooth support.
• Improves Oral Health: Healthier gums reattach better to teeth.

Recovery Tips

• Cold Compresses: To minimize swelling and discomfort.
• Soft Diet: Prevents irritation of treated areas.
• Antiseptic Rinses: Reduces infection risk.
• Regular Dental Visits: Ensures successful recovery.

Prevention – Avoiding the Need for Curettage

• Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss regularly to remove deposits between teeth.
• Visit your dentist twice a year for professional cleaning.
• Limit sugar and acidic foods that harm teeth and gums.

Why Choose Polyclinic Esthea?

At Polyclinic Esthea, we provide top-tier care for all your periodontal needs. Our team of experts utilizes cutting-edge technology and a personalized approach to deliver the best results for your gum health. Whether you need routine check-ups or advanced treatments like curettage, you’re in safe hands with us. Contact us and take the first step toward a healthy smile!

The Importance of Timely Gum Care

Curettage is not just a therapeutic procedure—it’s a crucial step toward preserving your gums and teeth. Acting promptly can prevent serious complications and maintain the long-term health of your mouth. Don’t wait for problems to escalate—visit your dentist and secure a healthy, beautiful smile!